1. Overwatering

Bonsai soil is usually designed to drain quickly, and overwatering can cause root suffocation and rot. Watering frequency should be adjusted based on soil moisture and dryness, rather than on a fixed schedule.

Example: For pine bonsai, watering should be done when the surface of the soil is dry to a depth of 1-2 cm to avoid watering before it is completely dry.

2. Using inappropriate soil

Choosing the right soil is crucial to the health of your bonsai. The soil needs to have good drainage and the right nutrients.

Example: Rhododendron bonsai usually uses Kanuma soil, which is an acidic soil that is very beneficial to azaleas. To improve water retention and provide more nutrients, mix Kanuma soil and Akadama soil in a ratio of 5:4.

3. Ignore fertilization needs

Bonsai has a limited amount of soil and its nutrients are quickly depleted, so it requires regular fertilization. Excessive fertilization can cause salt buildup, which can harm your plant's root system.

Example: Rhododendron bonsai should use a slow-release fertilizer during the spring and fall growing seasons, spreading it evenly over the soil surface and making sure the fertilizer dissolves and is evenly distributed when watering. Fertilizing should be discontinued during the plant's period of low activity or dormancy (winter) to avoid nutrient overload and possible damage to the roots.

4. Over pruning

Proper pruning can help your bonsai maintain shape and health, but over-pruning can damage the plant and affect its growth and recovery.

Example: For lodgepole pine bonsai, a light pruning in late spring to remove overly long new growth rather than heavy cutting of new growth will preserve enough leaf volume to support photosynthesis and growth of the plant.

5. Ignore lighting requirements

Note: Different bonsai plants have different needs for light. Insufficient light will lead to slow plant growth and dull leaf color. Appropriate lighting must be arranged according to the specific needs of the plant.

Example: Red pine bonsai requires about 2 hours of direct sunlight per day. If placed indoors or in an area that is too shady, its growth will be affected and the needles may become sparse and fade in color.

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