1. Overwatering

Bonsai soil is typically designed to drain quickly, and overwatering can cause root suffocation and rot. Watering should be adjusted based on soil dryness rather than a fixed schedule.

Example: For pine bonsai, watering should be done when the soil surface is dry to a depth of 1-2 cm to avoid watering before it is completely dry.

2. Using unsuitable soil

Choosing the right soil is crucial to the health of your bonsai. The soil needs to have good drainage and the right nutrient content.

For example, azalea bonsai often use Kanuma soil, an acidic soil that is very beneficial to azaleas. To improve water retention and provide more nutrients, you can mix Kanuma soil with Akadama soil in a ratio of 5:4.

3. Ignoring fertilization needs

Bonsai require regular fertilization due to the limited amount of soil that consumes nutrients quickly. Excessive fertilization can lead to salt accumulation and damage the plant's roots.

Example: Azalea bonsai should be treated with a slow-release fertilizer during the spring and fall growing seasons. Sprinkle the fertilizer evenly over the soil surface and water to ensure the fertilizer dissolves and distributes evenly. Fertilization should be discontinued during the plant's low activity or dormant period (winter) to avoid excess nutrients and possible root damage.

4. Over-pruning

Proper pruning can help bonsai maintain its shape and health, but excessive pruning can damage the plant and affect its growth and recovery.

Example: For black pine bonsai, light pruning should be done in late spring to remove overly long new branches, rather than heavily cutting off new growth, so that enough leaves can be retained to support the plant's photosynthesis and growth.

5. Ignoring lighting needs

Note: Different bonsai plants have different light requirements. Insufficient light will lead to slow growth and dull leaf color. It is necessary to arrange appropriate light according to the specific needs of the plant.

For example, a red pine bonsai requires about 2 hours of direct sunlight per day. If placed indoors or in an excessively shady location, its growth will be affected, and its needles may become sparse and faded.

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